From Lions to spider monkeys to endangered species like the Giant Armadillo, the wildlife in Ecuador is in fact so diverse that the World Conservation Monitoring Center lists it as one of seventeen Megadiverse countries in the world where the majority of Earth’s wildlife is to be found.

As a South America volunteer on an Ecuador wildlife protection program you have the opportunity to get up close and personal with this extreme biodiversity.

Lead Adventures operate four rescue and education projects designed to safeguard the country’s wildlife from the effects of illegal animal trade and maltreatment.

You can help feed and clean animals as diverse as Galapagos Turtles and sloths; you can volunteer help on endangered species breeding programs; you can assist with the intake of new animals confiscated by the Ecuadorian authorities, and help with their rehabilitation and rehoming or re-release into the wild. It is a South America volunteer adventure you’re unlikely to forget!

Animal abuse in Ecuador remains a massive challenge. Laws and attitudes are changing slowly, but help is still very much needed. If you’re an animal lover with a lust for travel, what could be more inspiring than a trip to Ecuador on a two-week wildlife volunteer program? It’ll take your breath away!

Known in backpacker circles as a great, cheap place to get your scuba diving certification, Utila offers little more to do, but plenty to enjoy. Like the other Bay Islands, Utila is reached by a short ferry ride from the mainland coastal city of La Ceiba. Unlike the rest of Honduras, English is more widely spoken than Spanish, and the native inhabitants are primarily Garifuna, descendants of Black Caribs, giving it a much different feel than the rest of the country. Tourism has become the primary source of income, and Honduras recently made Utila a tax-free zone to encourage its further development, as well as standardizing scuba diving rates (read this as get there now before it gets overdeveloped).

Arriving at the docks is a mellow affair, with few or no hawkers, so take your time walking the several blocks of accommodations and dive shops before choosing. The main road goes in both directions along the coast as well as going straight ahead to the uninhabited North side of the island, where the road literally just ends at an empty beach. Most people come for the diving, and there are several places that offer free dives, dive courses and accommodation. We stayed at Cross Creek, one of the larger hotels and dive centers, and signed up for the beginning PADI dive certification course.

Like most inexpensive dive centers, Cross Creek is a magnet for traveling young people from around the world, either learning to dive, or master divers plying their trade. We stayed in the clean and sparse hotel, which was a single row of small rooms with fans and small beds, fronted by an open terrace perfect for hanging hammocks and lounging. There is a restaurant and bar on site, which the dive masters are required to work at to earn their keep, but often was not open. The dive course involves classroom training a couple hours each evening, and diving from about 6 to 1 each morning, including quite of bit of prep time getting the gear ready and cleaning it when you return. The remainder of the time we were free to explore the island, although often exhausted from the rigors of diving.

Utila was hot, really hot, probably the hottest place I had ever been to that point. By the end of the first day, I was walking everywhere shirtless and had given up trying to protect against the sand fly bites that now covered my body. The heat is really what creates the slowness of island life though, and you can’t really have one without the other. A siesta is normally taken in the midday, as it’s really too hot to do anything and much of the activity is in the relatively cooler mornings and evenings.

Fresh seafood and simple ingredients are the staples of the food on Utila. Most of the restaurants are single person affairs, ranging from a person’s home to a slightly larger restaurant with several tables. At some of the smaller places, there may only be one item, whatever was fresh and available that day. One of my favorite places like this was Xijing restaurant, with four shaded outside tables, and such tasty dishes as rice and beans, barracuda with fries, or if you time it just right, you can get some sweet rice, made with coconut milk, cinnamon, and sugar in a ten gallon vat over an open flame, and gone within half an hour. Other staples of the island include fried chicken, grouper, tuna and conch. Almost everything is accompanied by salad or fries (papas fritas). Dinner will cost you less than 5 USD with beer. Baked goods are a favorite at breakfast on the island, and if you’re up for a challenge, you have to find Taracina, a woman with a shack in the middle of nowhere offering the best Pan de Coco around, definitely worth seeking out.

Outside of eating, diving and relaxing in your hammock, there is deliciously little to do. You can take the single track dirt road to the Northern side of the island, which is a couple hours walk through quiet palm trees and woods, to an empty beach on the other side. There is a primitive Iguana research station that you can visit, or volunteer at and stay a while, and help protect the spiny tailed Utila Iguana. There are some small cays to the Southwest that can be visited in your spare time. You can hang out with fellow travelers and discover many things about the world. Other than that, enjoy the sunsets, and the lack of excitement. It’s what makes any island special, reminding us of what is really important in life. Be careful though, because you may not want to come back.

Despite the Costa del Sol’s reputation as a seaside playground for the rich and famous, visitors willing to go beyond the beach may find themselves surprised by how much the region has to offer. They run the gamut from outdoorsy to intellectual, from windsurfing all the way to wine tasting. Malaga’s coast offers an array of adventures to suit every palate, each one flavored with the Costa del Sol’s unique Andalusia-meets-Mediterranean charm.

For history-hungry travelers, Nerja Cave, located near the town of the same name, is a good place to start. In 1959, the first cavers to access this 5 km-long system discovered skeletal remains and tools dating back to the Paleolithic era. Visitors can tour the cave’s main chamber and look at some of the excavated artifacts. In addition, the cave, which supposedly possesses excellent acoustics, occasionally hosts classical music performances, though this practice is becoming less common due to conservation concerns.

If you’d rather be out in the fresh air, lace up your hiking boots and head to Sierra de las Nieves national park. The park, which lies in the mountainous hinterland about 18 kilometers north of the seaside resort town of Marbella, offers hiking and biking in over 200 square kilometers of slopes and virgin pine forest. The park is also famous for its many vertical caves, a few of which plunge to depths of over 1000 meters. Due to its higher altitude, the park does sometimes experience snowfall during the winter months, so check the weather before heading out and come prepared for the cold.

When it comes to watersports in the Costa del Sol, windsurfing is king. Spain’s southern coast is a veritable windsurfing Mecca; on any given day, dozens of sails dot the horizons at the Costa’s major beaches as groups of surfers skim and spin their way across the water. Equipment rental shops line most beaches, and most resorts have windsurfing clubs where beginners can pick up the basics in the relatively calm waters. More experienced surfers in search of a challenge can make the hour-and-a-half trek southwest to Tarifa, where aficionados from around the globe gather to try their skills on the strong winds and currents from the Strait of Gibraltar.

In addition to the sights of the region itself, the Costa del Sol is also convenient to some of the Iberian Peninsula’s most famous destinations. The city of Granada is a day trip away; beach-weary travelers can take a break from the sun and explore the Alhambra, the magnificent 14th century palace that once housed Granada’s Moorish rulers. On the off chance that visitors finish their tour with any time left to spare, a stroll around the maze-like cobblestone streets and open-air spice stalls of old Granada offers enough captivating sights and sounds to keep anyone occupied for days.

For a slightly different excursion, Gibraltar, a British overseas territory located at the edge of the Iberian peninsula, is about an hour and ten minutes’ drive from Marbella. The iconic Rock of Gibraltar, a peak that looms up from the center of the territory, offers Europe’s best view of the African continent as well as the chance to meet Gibraltar’s well-known Barbary ape population. Because Gibraltar is British territory, visitors need to bring their passports in order to enter.

Finding budget-friendly accommodations in the Costa del Sol can be a bit challenging, but it’s certainly possible. While top-tier resorts like Marbella’s are pricey beyond belief, less exorbitant resorts in towns such as Torremolinos sometimes offer fairly reasonable package deals. If that doesn’t work, try looking for accommodations a few kilometers inland; if you’re willing to stay a little further from the coast, you’ll have an easier time escaping the resorts’ high prices.

Alternatively, if you’re traveling with a group, it may actually be cheaper to rent a house, especially if you’re planning on staying in the area for a while. Because the Costa del Sol is such a popular destination, many travelers from other European countries buy second homes in the area, often renting them out when they’re not using them. Plan your trip well in advance and try to negotiate the rental price with the owners and you may well be able to score a bargain, a rare enough event on these shores.

It’s also one of the Earth’s hidden gems. The Golan’s 1,200 square kilometers harbor a treasure trove of lush farmland and sky-scraping volcanic terrain, the fate of which forms the crux of one of the world’s most notorious geopolitical disputes. A visit to the Golan Heights grants travelers access to the natural and human worlds behind the headlines, challenging minds with a ground-level perspective of the machinery of conflict and resolution.

The Golan Heights, which take their name from one of the six biblical cities of refuge, boast some of the most versatile and fertile farmland in the Middle East. The Golan’s collection of microclimates and multiple rivers provide Israel with almost 16% of its fresh water and allow farmers to grow a wide array of crops. In particular, the plateau is famous as Israel’s exceptional wine country, producing prize-winning Cabernet Sauvignons and Merlots in a land of proverbially bad vintages.

The Golan’s northern extreme is more rugged, as the farm fields of the south give way to the volcanic highlands of the Anti-Lebanon range. For those outdoor aficionados who can get past the region’s notoriety, the northern Golan offers year-round opportunities for recreation. The Avital-Bental Nature Reserve, a national park located between the slopes of two dormant volcanoes just miles from the border, are a hotspot for hikers.
During the warmer months, visitors to the reserve have the option of taking a water hike along the Gilabun River, a seasonal stream and tributary of the Jordan River that flows through mountainside forests, beneath thick canopies of underbrush and along sheer basalt and limestone cliffs before finally plunging over the side of a ravine in a spectacular 120-foot-high waterfall. The pool at the bottom of the falls is a popular swimming spot and, though almost uncomfortably frigid, is a refreshing distraction after a long hike through the heat.

On Mt. Bental’s peak, the Golan Regional Council’s visitor center offers an Israeli perspective on the Golan’s history, complete with a reconstructed Israeli Defense Forces bunker, the requisite signpost listing the distances to various capital cities and a mountaintop cafe dubbed Coffee Annan. From the mountaintop lookout, visitors can absorb a panoramic view of the Israeli border, where the greenery of nearby vineyards suddenly and starkly gives way to the UN-administered demilitarized zone.

In winter, tourists flock to the northern Golan to visit Mt. Hermon, the region’s highest peak. Located at the intersection of the Israeli, Syrian and Lebanese borders, Mt. Hermon’s southern slopes are home to Israel’s only ski resort. In terms of difficulty, Mt. Hermon’s slopes are often compared to those in New England: with eight lifts and a dozen or so runs, the skiing is entertaining, but not too much of a challenge for experienced riders.

In terms of lodging, visitors can choose between a number of on-site and nearby guest houses, which run the gamut from cottages to well-appointed luxury suites, complete with in-room jacuzzis. Beginners can take lessons at Mt. Hermon’s ski school, and the resort offers equipment rental for those who would rather not lug around their own.

A trek through the Golan does involve some unique safety considerations, the most obvious of which are landmines. The Israel-Syria border is one of the most heavily-mined on planet earth, and with Israel and Syria still not officially at peace, disposal efforts have been minimal at most. Minefields, both marked and unmarked, line many roads and paths, making it exceedingly important for visitors to stay on established trails.

Other reminders of the Golan Heights’ tenuous grip on peace confront visitors at every turn. Trails wind past the crumbling foundations of Syrian bunkers and gun emplacements destroyed during the Six-Days War. Today, the region is heavily militarized, even by Israeli standards; the IDF has active bases and firing ranges throughout the region, and maintains reconnaissance stations on many of the high peaks on the border. Tours and school groups departing for the northern Golan often hire one or more armed guards to hike along with them.

What’s surprising is how easy it is to get used to it all. At first, the parades of military transports and ominous warning signs are more than a bit distracting, and may leave visitors from less heavily-armed countries nervous. A day or two is generally all it takes to fall into the Golan rhythm and let the conspicuous military buildup fade into the background.

Stretching for 1,700km along the length of Nepal, the GHT will take you a mere 157 days to complete. You’ll see eight of the world’s 14 peaks over 8,000m, including Everest, and cross passes reaching up to 6,000m, climbing a total of 150,000m. That’s a Snowdon every day for half a year. Oh, and it will set you back £20,500.

The GHT isn’t the world’s longest long-distance footpath. The Continental Divide Trail in the US is 5,000km and the Trans Canada will be three times that. But this steroidal version of the Pennine Way looks like being the most coveted of all. Eventually, the trail’s originators hope it will stretch from the mighty 8,000m peak Nanga Parbat in Pakistan, considered the westernmost outlier of the Himalaya, to Namche Barwa in Tibet. It will connect five Asian countries – Bhutan, China, India, Nepal and Pakistan.

That version will stretch for 4,500km, but there is no completion date confirmed for such a huge undertaking. For now, the focus is on Nepal – with the first guided treks starting next year. As well as being an enormous challenge, the GHT could also prove to be a welcome money-spinner for a country still recovering from 10 years of civil war. Some parts of Nepal have benefited hugely from tourism, like the Everest and Annapurna regions. Those areas without such famous mountains, particularly in remote western Nepal, haven’t fared nearly so well.

Last year, I trekked along a section of the GHT through the Mugu district of western Nepal, a remote region peopled by Tibetan traders and animist tribes. Thousands of people were relying on aid from the World Food Programme, flown in by helicopter with the nearest roads a week’s walk away. Many young men leave to find work abroad. Tourism, for all its faults, could really make a difference here.

Several adventurous souls have travelled the arc of the Himalaya before, while Richard and Adrian Crane, cousins of television presenter Nicholas Crane, actually ran it in 1983. But the idea of a defined and designated route for trekkers is more recent. In 2006, the Dutch development agency SNV and the International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development based in Kathmandu committed to developing the idea, and have brought together government agencies and local people.

But it’s the hard work of one man, Australian trekker Robin Boustead, that has moved the project along most. After years of research (read his account here), he completed the trek in two sections, and has drawn an excellent free map of the trail’s route as well as writing a guidebook. Every water source, camping ground and elevation has been meticulously logged with GPS, but he says that the route will undoubtedly develop as more people do it and discover better alternatives.

For those without the time – or the knees – to do the whole thing in one go, Boustead has broken the GHT down into nine sections, which you can pick off at your leisure. And if you think 20 grand is a lot of chapatties to spend on an adventure holiday, it’s still a lot less than the current price of a trip up Everest – and a lot more exclusive. There have been four thousand ascents of the world’s highest mountain, but only one man has done the GHT.